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An examination of a Neolithic cow’s tooth unearthed at Stonehenge suggests that the animal likely hailed from Wales, supporting the notion that cattle played a role in transporting the massive stones. Scientists from the British Geological Society, Cardiff University, and University College London dissected the tooth, which was discovered alongside the ancient landmark’s south entrance in 1924, into nine horizontal segments to assess details about the creature’s diet, surroundings, and mobility. This research marks the first instance of connections being drawn between cattle remnants at Stonehenge and Wales at the period when the bluestone monoliths were being transported to the site.
Professor Jane Evans of the British Geological Society noted, “It is another link between Stonehenge and Wales,” emphasizing that evidence suggests the animal grazed on Palaeozoic rock, typical of Wales, where bluestones are abundant. Although bluestones are also prevalent in regions like the Lake District and Scotland, the data indicates the cow was most likely from Wales. The study, which represents the initial new evidence since a 2018 study, hints at the possibility that cattle assisted in moving the boulders to Stonehenge, challenging the prior assumption that humans solely dragged the stones.
The jawbone, dating back to the monument’s inception in 2995 to 2900 BC, was strategically positioned at Stonehenge, prompting speculation among researchers about its significance to the monument’s builders near Salisbury in Wiltshire. Isotopes from the tooth provided insights into changes in the cow’s diet with the seasons, with variations suggesting seasonal movement or imported winter fodder. In addition, lead isotopes supported the idea that the cow likely originated from an area with Palaeozoic rocks, such as the bluestones from Wales, prior to arriving at Stonehenge. This compelling evidence underscores Stonehenge’s ties with southwest Wales, offering a captivating perspective on how cattle may have aided in stone transport.
Furthermore, the researchers revealed that the cow was probably a female, potentially pregnant or nursing during the tooth’s formation. Prof Evans highlighted the significance of exploring the practical aspects of moving the stones and acknowledged the potential involvement of women, emphasizing the necessity for food supplies, workforce turnover, and domestic necessities during the stone transportation process. The ongoing research raises questions about the broader implications of stone relocation for the entire community, shedding light on the often-overlooked roles played by women and children in the monumental task
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