Has the SNP delivered on its manifesto promises from 2021?

It is clear that the SNP has attempted to deliver on its manifesto commitments, but circumstances – both internal and external – have forced many changes along the way. The world in 2021 was a very different place from the world in 2025, and the fallout from the SNP and Greens fallout will clearly have long-lasting consequences.

As John Swinney looks forward to his final year in office before the election next May, he will hope that his programme for government can provide him with a springboard to securing a historic fourth term for his party in power in Holyrood.

But it is also clear that the battle for power in Scotland, with a resurgent Scottish Conservatives and the internal struggles of the Greens, is far from over, and the SNP will need to work hard to maintain its position in that landscape.