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Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are conditions that can develop during hot weather when the body struggles to cope with high temperatures. While heat exhaustion is generally less dangerous and can be managed by cooling down, heatstroke is much more serious and requires urgent medical attention. Certain groups, such as elderly people, young children, and those with chronic health issues, are especially vulnerable to these heat-related illnesses.
Heat exhaustion occurs when the body’s temperature regulation system is overwhelmed, leading to symptoms like heavy sweating, feeling overheated and unwell, headaches, dizziness, confusion, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle cramps, a temperature of 38°C or above, rapid breathing or pulse, and intense thirst. Young children affected might appear floppy or unusually sleepy since they may not be able to express how they feel. This condition can affect anyone, including healthy individuals, particularly after intense physical activity in hot weather or consuming alcohol outdoors. Heat exhaustion can develop either suddenly or over a period of time.
If heat exhaustion worsens, it can progress to heatstroke, a critical condition where the body is unable to control its core temperature, often rising dangerously above 40°C. Key warning signs to look for include not sweating despite feeling overheated, a very high temperature, rapid or difficult breathing, confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness, or lack of responsiveness. Immediate medical intervention is necessary in these cases.
When dealing with heat exhaustion, it is important to help the affected person rest in a cool environment such as a shaded area or an air-conditioned room. Removing excess clothing to allow skin exposure is advised, as well as attempting to lower their skin temperature using methods like cool wet sponges, sprays, cold packs on the neck and armpits, or wrapping in a damp sheet. Fanning the skin while moist can promote evaporation and further cooling. It is also vital to encourage drinking water or rehydration fluids. Improvement should be noticeable within 30 minutes; if symptoms continue or worsen, seek emergency medical support right away
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