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According to scientists, the changing climate is impacting truffle production in mainland Europe, possibly leading to the collapse of truffle farming in Spain within a generation. However, researchers from the University of Stirling are optimistic about the potential for Scotland to become a prime location for growing this valuable delicacy. The wetter summer weather in Scotland is believed to create the ideal environment for truffle cultivation, with experts noting that truffles grown on the island of Bute are particularly prized for their strength and aroma.
Professor Paul Thomas, an expert in fungus cultivation at the University of Stirling, has been leading efforts to grow truffles on the west coast of Scotland. He planted hazel trees in his garden in 2020 and inoculated them with truffle fungus, a process that can take up to seven years for truffles to form underground. Animal hunters, traditionally pigs, are needed to unearth the truffles due to their strong scent, with Professor Thomas training his dog Rue to assist in locating them. He emphasized that while climate change may have negative impacts in Scotland, it actually creates ideal conditions for truffle growth.
A 2019 paper led by Professor Thomas examined the potential decline in European truffle production due to climate change, with estimates ranging from 78% to 100% by the end of the century depending on global warming levels. Despite international efforts to limit warming to 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius, the world has already surpassed the 1.5 degree target in 2024. Truffles, which were once found in Scotland’s ancient woodlands before disappearing centuries ago, rely on tree roots for survival. An orchard under suitable conditions could yield up to 20 kilos of truffles per hectare, with current market prices exceeding £550 per kilo.
An orchard of approximately 1,000 trees has been established on Bute to cultivate truffles, although it will take several years before a significant yield is achieved. The high value and low volume nature of truffle production makes it well-suited for Scotland’s islands, despite the initial slow return on investment. Once truffles start to grow, they can continue producing for up to 40 years. In addition to Bute, truffles have been successfully cultivated in various parts of the UK, with chefs appreciating the strong earthy aroma of Scottish summer truffles. Chefs often use truffles for pasta dishes, sauces, and even soufflés, showcasing the versatility and desirability of these prized fungi
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