Concerns are growing over the declining numbers of butterflies and moths in the UK. Butterfly counters participating in the annual Butterfly Conservation’s Big Butterfly Count recently reported the lowest numbers ever recorded in the 14-year history of the citizen science project, with only one day remaining. Dry weather and heat are essential for butterflies to thrive, and these conditions have been notably absent this year. Conservationists worry that the population decline is a long-term problem, with butterfly numbers having already declined 80% in the UK since the 1970s.
Habitat loss, pesticide use and climate change are all contributing to the decline, according to Rosie Irwin of Butterfly Conservation. The late arrival of summer temperatures and a wet spring have also damaged the butterfly population, which rely on warm, dry conditions to be able to mate and fly. When seasonal weather conditions are imperfect, already dwindling butterfly populations become even more vulnerable.
Inge Muller, a butterfly and moth recorder notes the continuing decline of the butterfly population in Northern Ireland, stating that “It is definitely not good. In three weeks in July and August, there are so many days that there is nothing to report.” Muller adds that there has been a similar decline in moth populations.
However, all is not lost. Irwin notes that creating a space for butterflies to complete their life cycle, preferably with a nectar source, can help. She recommends flowers like nasturtium and sweet rocket. Irwin also highlights the important role that butterflies play as an indicator of ecosystems’ health, and by enhancing our gardens and green spaces, we have the ability to support their populations and improve our environment
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